MINERALS
There are 90 identified chemical elements in Nature, of which 20 are known to be important for life. However, their role is recognised by just a few scientists. The lack of any of 20 minerals known to play an important role causes biochemical alterations that can be reverted with the supply of the lacking nutrient. Some minerals are probably essential to sustain life but their effect has not yet been elucidated.
In the human, minerals account for 4-5% of the individual's body weight, with half of this percentage corresponding to calcium.
Minerals needed in amounts of over 100mg/day are referred to as macrominerals; and those needed in very small amounts are known as microminerals, oligoelements or trace elements.
The functions of minerals are varied, including structural and regulating functions and maintenance of adequate levels is vital for the body. As with vitamins, minerals do not provide energy.
The amount of mineral ingested in the diet and used by the body can vary depending on the amount ingested, the presentation form, the cooking process, the presence of other foods and the age.